A Guide to Stairway and Ladder Safety

Written by Staff Writer

Navigating stairways and using ladders are routine activities in many workplaces, but they come with real risks. Falls are a leading cause of workplace injuries and can result in anything from minor bruises to severe head trauma, broken bones or even death. These accidents often occur when people rush, carry heavy items improperly or use faulty equipment.

By understanding the dangers of stairways and ladders and following proper safety procedures, employees can significantly reduce the chance of injury. Whether you're working in an office, on a job site or in a warehouse, staying alert and following basic safety protocols makes a big difference.

Stairway Safety

Even well-maintained stairways can be dangerous under the wrong conditions. Common hazards include slippery or wet steps from spills or weather, items left on stairs that create tripping hazards, poor lighting that hides uneven steps or obstructions, and damaged handrails or tread surfaces. Falls on stairs can lead to injuries such as sprains, concussions, fractures, and back injuries. These can happen quickly and may have lasting consequences.

Use the Handrail Every Time

Grabbing the handrail isn't just for people who feel unsteady: it's a reliable way to catch yourself if you slip. Always keep at least one hand on it, especially when descending, which is when most stairway falls happen.

Watch Your Step

• Look ahead, not down at your feet.
• Don't carry items that block your view of the stairs.
• Take one step at a time, and avoid rushing.

Keep Stairways Clear and Well-Maintained

• Never use stairs for temporary storage.
• Promptly report missing or damaged stair treads, handrails or lights.
• Clean up water, oil or debris right away or mark the area with a warning sign until it can be cleaned.

Wear Proper Footwear

• Choose shoes with closed toes and non-slip soles.
• Avoid sandals, heels or slick-soled dress shoes if you'll need to move between levels frequently.

Be Mindful of Distractions

• Avoid using your phone while on the stairs.
• Stay focused, even if the stairway is familiar.

Following this simple advice can help you to avoid potentially serious injuries.

• Stair Safety Guidelines
• Safe Use of Stairs and Walkways
• Tips for Walking Up and Down Stairs
• Understanding Stair Safety
• NYC Site Safety Training
• Stair Accidents and How to Avoid Them

Ladder Safety

Ladders are used in tasks ranging from changing light bulbs to roofing or stockroom work. They're essential tools for many workers, but they're also one of the top causes of fall injuries. The most common issues stem from improper ladder selection, incorrect setup, poor condition or unsafe climbing habits. Ladder-related accidents can result in fractures from falling from a height, head or spine injuries, and strains from overreaching or carrying tools up by hand.

Common Ladder Types and When to Use Them

• Step Ladders: Best for indoor use or low-height jobs where a self-supporting ladder is needed
• Extension Ladders: Designed for reaching higher areas like rooftops and must lean against a stable surface
• Platform Ladders: Offer added stability with a wider standing surface

Pre-Use Inspection

Before climbing a ladder, check for:

• Cracked, bent or missing rungs
• Loose or broken locks and spreaders
• Worn feet that may reduce grip
• Labels or stickers indicating damage or retirement

If anything looks off, don't use the ladder. Tag it and alert your supervisor instead.

Proper Setup Techniques

• Set the ladder on level, solid ground.
• Use slip-resistant feet or secure the base when necessary.
• With extension ladders, apply the 4-to-1 rule: for every 4 feet of height, the base should be 1 foot out from the wall.
• Make sure all locks, hinges, and braces are fully engaged.
• Never try to "make it work" by propping the ladder on unstable objects like boxes or pallets.

Climbing and Working Safely

• Maintain three points of contact with the ladder at all times: two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand.
• Keep your body centered between the side rails: don't lean to reach for things.
• Always face the ladder when going up or down.
• Avoid carrying items in your hands: use a tool belt or raise items with a rope.
• Never stand on the top rung or step unless it's specifically designed for that purpose.

If the ladder feels unsteady or if you need to lean far to one side, stop and reposition it.

Environmental Awareness

• Avoid using ladders near doorways, walkways or other traffic zones unless barriers or signs are in place.
• Stay at least 10 feet away from power lines. Use non-conductive ladders (like fiberglass) if there's any risk of electrical contact.
• In windy or rainy conditions, wait until it's safe to use a ladder, especially if you're working outdoors.

By practicing these habits consistently, you can help make your workplace safer for yourself and your coworkers.

• Five Rules for Ladder Safety
• Safe Use of Stepladders in Construction
• Ladder Safety in the Workplace
• OSHA Fall Prevention Training
• Safe Use of Extension Ladders
• Cal/OSHA Title 8 Training
• Ladder Safety Guidelines
• EM 385-1-1 Training

Stairways and ladders might not seem dangerous at a glance, but a moment of carelessness can lead to a serious injury. Always use them properly, report hazards immediately, and never take shortcuts that compromise your safety or that of your coworkers. If you're ever unsure about using a ladder or stairway safely, ask a supervisor or refer to your company's safety procedures. Staying safe is everyone's responsibility.